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Precision Camera In 1892: Jules Carpen tier, who built the Cinematographe ford Lumieres, had designed a precision Camera in 1892 thi he named the Photo-Jumelle because it looked like a pa of binoculars (jumelle in French). It had two identic lenses. One formed an image on the 4.5 x 6 cm dry plat the other formed an image on a ground glass, which tl photographer could see through a red Filter when he he the little Camera to his eye. The Photo-Jumelle was bui to exacting specifications. Carpentier demanded a tole ance of 1/100 mm, a degree of precision unheard of i the Camera industry of the day.The portable hand Camera thus brought about a chanj in working methods. The photographers' output wi increased, and oftentimes the recorded Camera image wi merely a starting point for the final composition. Tr. hand Camera also increased the scope of photography, f< with it many subjects generally considered beyond tt limits of photography were now brought within gras] At the turn of the century, technical innovatioi broadened the camera's field of operation still furthe Lenses were designed that produced images far moi brilliant than before; and small, compact precision can eras fitted with high-speed shutters were made, on whic the powerful lenses could be used. The small negativi were intended for enlarging.
To photographers who were accustomed to studying the full-size image on the ground glass of their tripod cameras before exposing the plate, the typical hand Camera finder was inadequate and lacked the precision they found essential to artistic success. Furthermore these photographers were not satisfied with focusing by merely estimating the lens-subject distance or by relying on depth-of-field tables. They wanted to see the image the way the Camera saw it before making the exposure. |
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