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Modern Art Terials: Chemicals. Since World War II the British chemical industry has grown faster than all other large British industries except electronics. In the 1960's its output increased more than 70%, compared with 34% for manufacturing industry as a whole. This performance can be explained by the development within the chemical industry of a nide variety of new products, including materials used extensively by other rapidly growing industries. The most obvious examples are materials for the manufacture of plastics, synthetic fibers, and detergents. The petrochemical branch has grown especially fast, and the pharmaceutical industry has also greatly increased its output.
In chemical education the high school textbook prepared by the Chemical Education Materials Study was revised by three separate publishers, and the first recipients of the Conant Award for outstanding high school chemistry teaching were named. The award, sponsored by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., was to be presented annually to teachers in six sections of the U.S. The undergraduate level Advisory Council on College Chemistry continued its projects on modern art terials teaching aids, new laboratory experiments, and a survey of chemistry teaching in junior colleges.
The conveyance of water supply from an impounding reservoir, or an intake, to the distribution system entails the construction of conduits of some form: canals or open channels, large masonry aqueducts or pressure tunnels, or metal or reinforced concrete pipes. The ancients had no materials available to withstand high pressures, so they had to content themselves with masonry aqueducts following the hydraulic grade line, with aqueduct bridges across valleys. But in modern art terials waterworks, with a wide choice of materials, equipment, and skills, the engineer places less dependence on topographical conditions, and is free to utilize canals, pipelines of wood, metal, reinforced concrete and asbestos cement, grade and pressure tunnels, and siphons. |
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