Modern Art Gold-brown: Salamanca, gold-brown, sun-brown, honey-brown, is learned and lovely, while Valladolid, once the home of Cervantes, is both venerable and lively-modern art gold-brown. The spokes go out from Madrid in every direction of the compass and there are many more distinctive goals for those with time to see and enjoy them.
The Gold Rushes. True gold rushes, in the modern art gold-brown sense of the term, began when gold was discovered in California in 1848. There had been a small-scale prelude, when gold discoveries in Georgia, starting in 1828-1830, attracted a surprisingly large and cosmopolitan crowd. The rush to California dwarfed its Georgia predecessor. Its proportions were immense. Everywhere men abandoned their families, businesses, and, one might say, common sense, in order to start for this remote, little-known land where even the humblest and least experienced might hope suddenly to become a modern art gold-brown Croesus.
At least a quarter of a million men reached "El Dorado" during the five years (1848-1853) that constituted the gold rush proper, and there they produced an extraordinary quantity of gold, valued in excess of $200 million. Although most were Americans, the gold seekers came from virtually every part of the civilized world, including China.
In order to understand the range of gold-and silverwork—it extends from works of high art to merely utilitarian objects—it is necessary to examine the uses of gold and silver and the techniques of shaping them.
Uses. Objects of gold and silver can be broadly divided into four classes. The first comprises personal ornaments, ranging from the heavy gold torques of the preclassical age to modern art gold-brown wedding rings. |